Inteligencia emocional, salud y desarrollo Identitario: un estudio exploratorio de su relación en población LGTB
Resumen
Actualmente, los estudios acerca del impacto negativo de la LGTBfobia tienen el reto de hallar factores de protección para el colectivo LGTB. Este estudio exploratorio analiza la relación entre la inteligencia emocional (IE), la salud y la identidad de 1215 personas. Para ello, se identificaron cuatro perfiles con un análisis clúster que combinaba las tres dimensiones de IE: uno con puntuaciones altas en las tres áreas e, inversamente, otro con bajas; un tercero que destaca por su alta reparación y otro con alta atención y baja reparación. Los resultados evidencian notables diferencias en salud y desarrollo identitario. Las personas con índices medio-altos en claridad y reparación tienen menos alteraciones de salud, es decir, mayor autoestima, satisfacción y aceptación identitaria. Es necesario considerar las implicaciones de este trabajo en la práctica profesional de quienes tratan de promover la salud y las experiencias positivas de la comunidad LGTB en contextos desfavorables.
Palabras clave
Inteligencia emocional, Salud, Identidad LGTB, DiversidadCitas
American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people. American Psychologist, 70(9), 832-864. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0039906
Arsyane, Phycilicia, & Aishah, Siti. (2015). A review on emotional intelligence among homosexual of LGBT community. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 8(1), 14-21. http://doi.org/10.3923/ajsr.2015.14.21
Ayala-Servín, Nicolás; Duré Martínez, Marcia Antonella; Urizar González, César Andrés; Insaurralde-Alviso, Ariel; Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio; Ventriglio, Antonio; Almirón-Santacruz, José; García, Oscar Enrique, & Torales, Julio César (2021). Inteligencia emocional asociada a niveles de ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad pública. Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Asunción), 54(2), 51-60. http://doi.org/10.18004/anales/2021.054.02.51
Black, Louise; Humphrey, Neil, & Marquez, Jose. (2023). The influence of minority stress-related experiences on mental wellbeing for trans/gender-diverse and cisgender youth: A comparative longitudinal analysis. Royal Society Open Science, 10(7), 221230. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221230
Cabral, Joana, & Pinto, Tiago M. (2023). Gender, shame, and social support in lgbtqi+ exposed to discrimination: A model for understanding the impact on mental health. Social Sciences, 12(8), 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12080454
Chang, Cindy J.; Kellerman, John K.; Fehling, Kara B.; Feinstein, Brian A., & Selby, Edward A. (2021). The roles of discrimination and social support in the associations between outness and mental health outcomes among sexual minorities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(5), 607–616, https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000562
D’Amico, Antonella, & Geraci, Alessandro. (2023). Beyond emotional intelligence: The new construct of meta-emotional intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1096663. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096663
Diener, Ed; Emmons, Robert A.; Larsen, Randy J., & Griffin, Sharon. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75, https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Duncan, Eva. (2024, 26 de junio). El mapa que muestra los avances en derechos LGTBI+ en Europa este 2024. Traveler. https://www.traveler.es/articulos/mapa-derechos-lgtbi-europa
Estrada, Marta; Monferrer, Diego; Rodríguez, Alma, & Moliner, Miguel Á. (2021). Does emotional intelligence influence academic performance? The role of compassion and engagement in education for sustainable development. Sustainability, 13(4), 1721. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041721
Evje, Jacob. (2023). Differences between trans and LGB experiences with discrimination, violence and support in school: A multilevel analysis across 30 European countries [Trabajo de Fin de Máster, Universidad de Oslo].
FELGTBI+. (2023). Estado Socioeconómico LGTBI+. Estado LGTBI+ 2023. FELGTBI+. https://felgtbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/I-Informe-Estado-socioeconomico_felgtbi.pdf
Fernández-Berrocal, Pablo; Extremera, Natalio, & Ramos, Natalia. (2004). Validity and reliability of the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Psychological Reports, 94(3), 751-755. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.751-755
Flores, Andrew R.; Stotzer, Rebecca L.; Meyer, Ilan H., & Langton, Lynn L. (2022). Hate crimes against LGBT people: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017-2019. Plos One, 17(12), e0279363. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279363
Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen; Prasad, Anyah; Kim, Hyun-Jun, & Jung, Hailey. (2023). Lifetime violence, lifetime discrimination, and microaggressions in the lives of LGBT midlife and older adults: findings from aging with pride: National health, aging, and sexuality/gender study. LGBT Health, 10(S1), S49-S60. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2023.0139
Giraud, Charlie, & Leonard, Michelle. (2024). Types of discrimination as predictors of identity concealment in a sexual and gender minority sample. Sexuality & Culture, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-024-10202-6
Haarmann, Lena; Lieker, Emma; Folkerts, Ann-Kristin; Eichert, Kai; Neidlinger, Marlene; Monsef, Ina; Skoetz, Nicole; Träuble, Birgit, & Kalbe, Elke (2024). Higher risk of many physical health conditions in sexual minority men: Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis in gay-and bisexual-identified compared with heterosexual-identified men. LGBT Health, 11(2), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2023.0084
Hatzenbuehler, Mark. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707-730, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441
Helminen, Emily C.; Ducar, Dallas M.; Scheer, Jillian R.; Parke, Kari L.; Morton, Melissa L. & Felver, Joshua C. (2023). Self-compassion, minority stress, and mental health in sexual and gender minority populations: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 30(1), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000104
Hernández-López, Eddiel, & Esteban, Caleb. (2023). Emotional Intelligence and clinical psychological symptoms among LGB adults in Puerto Rico: A secondary data analysis. Journal of Health and Human Behavior, 10(1), 87-98.
Hidalgo-Fuentes, Sergio; Martínez-Álvarez, Isabel; Sospedra-Baeza, María J.; Martí-Vilar, Manuel; Merino-Soto, César, & Toledano-Toledano, Filiberto. (2024). emotional intelligence and perceived social support: Its relationship with subjectivewell-being. Healthcare, 12, 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060634
Huynh, Kiet D., & Lee, Debbiesiu L. (2023). Emotion-focused coping strategies as mediators of the discrimination–mental health association among LGB POC. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 10(3), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000562
Ibrahim, Nurshashira; Mohd, Norhapizah; Mohamed, Asjad; Mahmud, Maziah, & Abdullah, Sakinatul R. (2022). Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being: Impact on society. Geografia, 18(3), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2022-1803-06
Ipsos. (2023, 2 de junio). España, entre los países del mundo con mayor población LGTB+. Ipsos. https://www.ipsos.com/es-es/pride-month-2023-9-of-adults-identify-as-lgbt
Kapatais, Alexandros; Williams, Jess, & Townsend, Ellen. (2023). The mediating role of emotion regulation on self-harm among gender identity and sexual orientation minority (LGBTQ+) individuals. Archives of Suicide Research, 27(2), 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2022.2064254
Kroenke, Kurt; Baye, Fitsum, & Lourens, Spencer G. (2019). Comparative validity and responsiveness of PHQ-ADS and other composite anxiety-depression measures. Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.098
Lacomba-Trejo, Laura; Delhom, Iraida; Donio-Bellegarde, Mónica, & Mateu-Mollá, Joaquín. (2024). Mental health predictors in Spanish population: Age, gender, emotional intelligence and resilience. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 56, 45-54. https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2024.v56.5
Landa-Blanco, Miguel; Vásquez, Gabriela; Portillo, Gretel; Sproviero, Federico, & Echenique, Yarani. (2024). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption in adulthood. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1352824. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352824
Mayer, John D., & Salovey, Peter. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators (pp. 3-31). Basic Books.
Mereish, Ethan H.; Katz-Wise, Sabra L., & Woulfe, Julie. (2017). Bisexual-specific minority stressors, psychological distress, and suicidality in bisexual individuals: The mediating role of loneliness. Prevention Science, 18(6), 716-725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0804-2
Meyer, Ilan H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Mîndru, M. A., & Năstasă, Laura-Elena. (2017). The relation between emotional intelligence, sexual identity and sexual orientation. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series VII, Social Sciences and Law, 10(2), 155-164.
Ministerio del Interior. (2023). Informe sobre la evolución de los delitos de odio en España 2023. Gobierno de España. https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/export/sites/default/.galleries/galeria-de-prensa/documentos-y-multimedia/balances-e-informes/2023/Informe_evolucion_delitos_odio_Espana_2023.pdf
Peel, Elizabeth; Rivers, Ian; Tyler, Allan; Nodin, Nuno, & Perez-Acevedo, Caroliz. (2023). Exploring LGBT resilience and moving beyond a deficit-model: Findings from a qualitative study in England. Psychology & Sexuality, 14(1), 114-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2022.2063754
Pirsoul, Thomas; Parmentier, Michael; Sovet, Laurent, & Nils, Frédéric. (2023). Emotional intelligence and career-related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 33(3), 100967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100967
Rosenberg, Morris. (1985). Self-concept and psychological well-being in adolescence. In Robert L. Leahy (Ed.), The development of the self (pp. 205-246). Academic Press.
Sánchez-Pujalte, Laura; Gómez-Yepes, Talía; Etchezahar, Edgardo, & Navarro-Mateu, Diego. (2023). Teachers at risk: Depressive symptoms, emotional intelligence, and burnout during COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1092839. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1092839
Schoon, Ingrid. (2021). Towards an Integrative Taxonomy of Social-Emotional Competences. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 515313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.515313
Singh, Akanksha; Dandona, Anu; Sharma, Vibha, & Zaidi, Zafar H. (2023). Minority stress in emotion suppression and mental distress among sexual and gender minorities: A systematic review. Annals of Neurosciences, 30(1), 54-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221120356
Testa, Rylan J.; Habarth, Janice; Peta, Jayme; Balsam, Kimberly, & Bockting, Walter. (2015). Development of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000081
Timmins, Liadh; Rimes, Katharine A., & Rahman, Qazi. (2020). Minority stressors, rumination, and psychological distress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49, 661-680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01502-2
Verster, Joris C.; Sandalova, Elena; Garssen, Johan, & Bruce, Gillian. (2021). The use of single-item ratings versus traditional multiple-item questionnaires to assess mood and health. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11, 183-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11010015
Vinces-Guillén, Jessica. (2016). Adaptación de la escala de identidad para lesbianas, gays y bisexuales (ÑGBIS) en un grupo de lesbianas, gays y bisexuales del Perú [Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Lima].
Vogel, Erin A; Romm, Katelyn F., & Berg, Carla J. (2023). Differences by emotion regulation in the association between discrimination and tobacco use among sexual minority young adults. Journal of Homosexuality, 71(14), 3197–3211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2023.2283864
Wallace, Emma R.; O’Neill, Siobhan, & Lagdon, Susan. (2024). Risk and protective factors for suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young people, from countries with a high global acceptance index (GAI), within the context of the socio‐ecological model: A scoping review. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12308
Weeks, Sean N.; Renshaw, Tyler L., & Vinal, Stephanie A. (2023). Minority stress as a multidimensional predictor of LGB+ adolescents’ mental health outcomes. Journal of Homosexuality, 70(5), 938-962. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.2006000
Wilson, Laura C.; Newins, Amie R.; Kassing, Francesca, & Casanova, Tracy. (2024). Gender minority stress and resilience measure: A meta-analysis of the associations with mental health in transgender and gender diverse individuals. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 25(3), 2552-2564. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231218288
Worthen, Meredith G. (2013). An argument for separate analyses of attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual men, bisexual women, MtF and FtM transgender individuals. Sex Roles, 68, 703-723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0155-1
Publicado
Cómo citar
Descargas
Datos de los fondos
-
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
Números de la subvención GIU 21/056
Derechos de autor 2025 Estibaliz Cepa Rodríguez

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.