O que determina o compromisso amoroso? Revisão sistemática e meta-análise dos fatores do Modelo de Investimento

Autores

Resumo

Vínculos afetivos duradouros estão associados a diversos benefícios, sendo o compromisso um dos principais indicadores da qualidade relacional. Segundo o Modelo de Investimento nas Relações, os fatores centrais que influenciam o compromisso são satisfação, investimento e busca de alternativas. Embora amplamente investigados, esses construtos carecem de sistematizações que consolidem os achados recentes. Este estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA, para avaliar a associação entre esses três fatores e o nível de compromisso amoroso. Foram analisados 16 artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2020 nas bases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed e PsycInfo, totalizando 10 644 participantes. Os resultados indicaram que a satisfação apresentou o maior impacto sobre o compromisso (r = 0,66), seguida do investimento (r = 0,51) e da busca de alternativas (r = –0,41). Os achados reforçam a validade do Modelo de Investimento, mesmo diante das transformações psicossociais que marcaram os relacionamentos nas últimas décadas.

Palavras-chave

Satisfação, Relações interpessoais, Revisão sistemática, Psicologia clínica

Referências

Agnew, Christopher. (2009). Commitment, theories and typologies. In Harry Reis, & Susan Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human relationships (pp. 245–248). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412958479.n83

Andrade, Alexandro, & Egert, Caroline. (2018). Romantic conflict resolution strategies: Measurement development and prediction. Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia, 18(3), 850–872. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1808-42812018000300008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Arriaga, Ximena, & Agnew, Christopher. (2001). Being committed: Affective, cognitive, and conative components of relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1190–1203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201279011

Barrantes, Renzo; Eaton, Asia; Veldhuis, Cindy, & Hughes, Tonda. (2017). The role of minority stressors in lesbian relationship commitment and persistence over time. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(2), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000221

Becker, Julia; Hartwich, Lea, & Haslam, Alexander. (2021). Neoliberalism can reduce well-being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(3), 947–965. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12438

Bokek-Cohen, Ya’arit, & Halamish-Leshem, Riki. (2024). Does it pay to invest in your couple relationship? Family Relations, 73(2), 1235–1247. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12941

Coy, Anthony; Davis, Jody; Green, Jeffrey, & Etcheverry, Paul. (2019). A dyadic model of investments: Partner effects on commitment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(11–12), 3471–3491. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518822783

Davis, Bret, & Weigel, Daniel. (2020). Cognitive interdependence and the everyday expression of commitment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(3), 1008–1029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407519884640

Dindia, Kathryn. (2000). Relational maintenance. In Clyde Hendrick, & Susan S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships: A Sourcebook (pp. 287–299). SAGE.

Eastwick, Paul, & Joel, Samantha. (2025). How do people feel about mates? Annual Review of Psychology, 76(1), 385–412. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012224-025712

Etcheverry, Paul, & Agnew, Christopher. (2004). Subjective norms and the prediction of romantic relationship state and fate. Personal Relationships, 11(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00090.x

Feijão, Georgia, & Morais, Normanda. (2018). Interação família e trabalho: A percepção de docentes do ensino superior acerca da satisfação conjugal. Contextos Clínicos, 11(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2018.111.07

Fowers, Blaine, & Olson, David. (1993). ENRICH marital satisfaction scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.7.2.176

Hadden, Benjamin; Harvey, Marie; Settersten, Richard, & Agnew, Christopher. (2019). What do I call us? The investment model of commitment processes and changes in relationship categorization. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(2), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617745115

Hare, Paul; Thibaut, John, & Kelley, Harold. (1959). The social psychology of groups. American Sociological Review, 25(4), 590–591. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092954

Joel, Samantha; Impett, Emily; Spielmann, Stephanie, & MacDonald, Geoff. (2018). How interdependent are stay/leave decisions? On staying in the relationship for the sake of the romantic partner. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(5), 805–824. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000139

Joel, Samantha, & Machia, Laura. (2024). How do invested partners become invested? A prospective investigation of fledgling relationship development. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 51(9), 1689–1702. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672231224351

Johnson, Michael; Caughlin, John, & Huston, Ted. (1999). The tripartite nature of marital commitment: Personal, moral, and structural reasons to stay married. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(1), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.2307/353891

Krishnakumar, Ambika, & Buehler, Cheryl. (2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Family Relations, 49(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00025.x

Lane, Brianna; Piercy, Cameron, & Carr, Caleb. (2016). Making it Facebook official: The warranting value of online relationship status disclosures on relational characteristics. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.016

Le, Benjamin, & Agnew, Christopher. (2003). Commitment and its theorized determinants: A meta–analysis of the Investment Model. Personal Relationships, 10(1), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00035

Lemay, Edward. (2016). The forecast model of relationship commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000052

Levinger, George. (1979). Marital cohesiveness at the brink: The fate of applications for divorce. In George Levinger, & Oliver C. Moles (Eds.), Divorce and separation (pp. 137–150). Basic Books.

Moher, David; Liberati, Alessandro; Tetzlaff, Jennifer, & Altman, Douglas. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007

Nascimento, Geysa, & Scorsolini-Comin, Fabio. (2019). Significados atribuídos ao relacionamento amoroso estável em jovens homossexuais do sexo masculino. Contextos Clínicos, 12(1), 48–74. https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2019.121.03

Nourani, Shahla; Seraj, Fatemeh; Shakeri, Mohammad, & Mokhber, Naghmeh. (2019). The relationship between gender-role beliefs, household labor division and marital satisfaction in couples. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 29(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.29252/hnmj.29.1.301

Pfund, Gabrielle; Brazeau, Hannah; Allemand, Mathias, & Hill, Patrick. (2020). Associations between sense of purpose and romantic relationship quality in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(5), 1563–1580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520903807

Pietromonaco, Paula, & Overall, Nickola. (2021). Applying relationship science to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact couples’ relationships. American Psychologist, 76(3), 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000714

Platt, Lisa. (2020). An exploratory study of predictors of relationship commitment for cisgender female partners of transgender individuals. Family Process, 59(1), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12400

Reeder, Heidi, & Hart, Eva. (2019). Interdependence in dating and cohabiting relationships: The role of cognitive interdependence, commitment, and marital intent. Marriage & Family Review, 55(2), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2018.1458008

Rodrigues, David; Huic, Aleksandra, & Lopes, Diniz. (2018). Relationship commitment of Portuguese lesbian and gay individuals: Examining the role of cohabitation and perceived social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(9), 2738–2758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518798051

Rodrigues, David, & Lopes, Diniz. (2013). The investment model scale (IMS): Further studies on construct validation and development of a shorter version (IMS-S). The Journal of General Psychology, 140(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2012.710276

Rodrigues, David; Lopes, Diniz; Monteiro, Lígia, & Prada, Marília. (2016). Perceived parent and friend support for romantic relationships in emerging adults. Personal Relationships, 24(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12163

Rosado, Juliana, & Wagner, Adriana. (2015). Qualidade, ajustamento e satisfação conjugal: Revis ão sistemática da literatura. Pensando Famílias, 19(2), 21–33. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/penf/v19n2/v19n2a03.pdf

Rusbult, Caryl. (1980). Satisfaction and commitment in friendships. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 11, 96–105. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1983-03399-001

Rusbult, Caryl. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101

Rusbult, Caryl; Martz, John, & Agnew, Christopher. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5(4), 357–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x

Rusbult, Caryl, & Van Lange, Paul. (1996). Interdependence processes. In Edward T. Higgins, & Arie W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (pp. 564–596). The Guilford Press.

Segal, Noam, & Fraley, Chris. (2016). Broadening the investment model: An intensive longitudinal study on attachment and perceived partner responsiveness in commitment dynamics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33(5), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407515584493

Sharabi, Liesel, & Timmermans, Elisabeth. (2020). Why settle when there are plenty of fish in the sea? Rusbult’s investment model applied to online dating. New Media & Society, 23(10), 2926–2946. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820937660

Stanley, Scott, & Markman, Howard. (2020). Helping couples in the shadow of COVID-19. Family Process, 59(3), 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12575

Surra, Catherine, & Hughes, Debra. (1997). Commitment processes in accounts of the development of premarital relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/353658

Tan, Kenneth, & Agnew, Christopher. (2016). Ease of retrieval effects on relationship commitment: The role of future plans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(2), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215617201

Tran, Peter; Judge, Madeline, & Kashima, Yoshihisa. (2019). Commitment in relationships: An updated meta-analysis of the Investment Model. Personal Relationships, 26(1), 158–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12268

Vannier, Sarah, & O’Sullivan, Lucia. (2018). Great expectations: Examining unmet romantic expectations and dating relationship outcomes using an investment model framework. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(8), 1045–1066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517703492

Yuan, Shu, & Weiser, Dana. (2019). Relationship dissolution following marital infidelity: Comparing European Americans and Asian Americans. Marriage & Family Review, 55(7), 631–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2019.1589614

Biografia do Autor

Iara Teixeira, University of Minho

Psicóloga e mestre em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Atualmente, é doutoranda em Psicologia Aplicada pela Universidade do Minho.

Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho, University of Beira Interior

Psicólogo formado pela Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (2011) em São Paulo, Brasil. Possui mestrado (2012) e doutorado (2018) em Psicologia Clínica pelo Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (IP-USP). Atualmente, é professor visitante no Departamento de Psicologia e Educação da Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal.

Guilherme Welter Wendt, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná

Psicólogo (PUCRS), mestre em Psicologia Clínica (UNISINOS) e doutor em Psicologia (Universidade de Londres), com pós-doutorado em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade (UFRGS). Docente e pesquisador na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, onde lidera o LAPEDI. Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq.

Sandra Elisa de Assis Freire, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba

Psicóloga, doutora em Psicologia Social pela UFPB, é professora associada da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba e pesquisadora do mestrado em Psicologia da UFDPar.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.2353

Publicado

2026-08-17

Como Citar

Teixeira, I., Alckmin-Carvalho, F., Wendt, G. W., & Freire, S. E. de A. (2026). O que determina o compromisso amoroso? Revisão sistemática e meta-análise dos fatores do Modelo de Investimento. Quaderns De Psicologia, 28(2), e2353. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.2353

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Copyright (c) 2026 Iara Teixeira, Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho, Guilherme Welter Wendt, Sandra Elisa de Assis Freire

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.