Smartphone addiction: relationship between procrastination, general health and human values
Abstract
This research aimed to understand the predictive role of human values, procrastination and general health in relation to smartphone dependence. Participated 390 people from the general, with ages ranging from 18 to 69 years old (M = 27, SD = 8.91), mostly female (71%). They answered the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS, reduced version), Tuckman's Procrastination Scale, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Basic Values Survey (BVS) and demographic questions. The results indicating that smartphone dependence is positively related to procrastination, resulting in damage to general health, such as higher levels of anxiety and depression. It was concluded that values, procrastination and anxiety levels were shown to be important predictors for smartphone-dependent behavior.
Keywords
Smartphone, Procrastination, General health, Social valuesReferences
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Manual de diagnóstico e estatística das perturbações mentais. Climepsi Editores.
Aslan Efe, Hülya & Efe, Rifat (2018). The Relationship between Academic Procrasti-nation Behaviors of Preservice Science Teachers and Their Attitudes toward Social Media. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 5(2), 102-109. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1181992
Bukhori, Baidi; Said, Hamdan; Wijaya, Tony & Nor, Faizah M. (2019). The Effect of Smartphone Addiction, Achievement Motivation, and Textbook Reading Intensity on Students’ Academic Achievement. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 13(9), 66-80. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/216576/
Cabañas, Mariela & Korzeniowsk, Celina (2015). Uso de celular e internet: su rela-ción com planificación y control de la interferencia. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (RACC), 7(1), 3-11. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1852-42062015000100002&lng=es&tlng=es
Caplan, Scott E. (2007). Relations Among Loneliness, Social Anxiety, and Problem-atic Internet Use. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 10(2), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9963
Constantin, Kaytlin; English, Megan M. & Mazmanian, Dwight (2018). Anxiety, De-pression, and Procrastination Among Students: Rumination Plays a Larger Mediat-ing Role than Worry. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 36, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0271-5
DSM, V. (2013). Manual de diagnóstico e estatística das perturbações mentais. Lis-boa: Climepsi Editores.
Duru, Erdinç & Balkis, Murat (2017). Procrastination, self-esteem, academic per-formance, and well-being: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 6, 97-119. http://acikerisim.pau.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11499/23806
Elhaia, Jon D.; Tiamiyua, Mojisola F.; Weeks, Justin W.; Levine, Jason C.; Picard, Kristina J. & Hall, Brian J. (2018). Depression and emotion regulation predict ob-jective smartphone use measured over one week. Personality and Individual Dif-ferences, 133(15), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.051
Esichaiku, D., Guha, P., Dailey, D., & Matthew, N. (2016). Relationship of Smartphone Addiction and Academic Procrastination: The Role of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies. http://www.cs.ait.ac.th/xmlui/handle/123456789/822
Flett, Alison L.; Haghbin, Mohsen & Pychyl, Timothy A. (2016). Procrastination and depression from a cognitive perspective: An exploration of the associations among procrastinatory automatic thoughts, rumination, and mindfulness. Journal of Ra-tional-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34, 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0235-1
Gouveia, Valdiney V. (2013). Teoria funcionalista dos valores humanos: Fundamen-tos, aplicações e perspectivas. Casa do Psicólogo.
Gouveia, Valdiney V.; Milfont, Taciano L. & Guerra, Valeschka M. (2014). Function-al theory of human values: Testing its content and structure hypotheses. Personali-ty and Individual Differences, 60, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.012
Grunschel, Carola; Schwinger, Malte; Steinmayr, Ricarda & Fries, Stefan (2016). Ef-fects of using motivational regulation strategies on students' academic procrasti-nation, academic performance, and well-being. Learning and Individual Differ-ences, 49(1), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.008
Gustavson, Daniel E. & Miyake, Akira (2017). Academic procrastination and goal ac-complishment: A combined experimental and individual differences investigation. Learning and individual differences, 54, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.010
Horvath, Juliane; Mundinger, Chistina; Schmitgen, Mike M.; Wolf, Nadine D; Sam-bataro, Fabio; Hirjak, Dusan; Kubera, M. Katharina; Koenigd, Julian & Wolf, Rob-ert C. (2020). Structural and functional correlates of smartphone addiction. Addic-tive behaviors, 105, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106334
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [IBGE] (2016). Indicadores IB-GE. Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego Fevereiro. Autor
Kalimeri, Kyriaki; Beiró, Mariano G.; Delfino, Matteo; Raleigh, Robert & Cattuto, Ciro (2019). Predicting demographics, moral foundations, and human values from digital behaviours. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 428-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.024
Kemp, Simon (2019). Digital 2019 Global Digital Overview. DataReportal. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-global-digital-overview
Kennedy, Gary J. & Tuckman, Bruce W. (2013). An exploration into the influence of academic and social values, procrastination, and perceived school belongingness on academic performance. Social psychology of education, 1, 435-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-013-9220-z
Kwon, Min; Kim, Dai J.; Cho, Hyun & Yang, Soo (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS one, 8, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
Long, Jiang; Liu, Tie Q.; Liao, Yan H.; Qi, Chang; He, Hao Y.; Chen, Shu-Bao, & Billieux, Joel (2016). Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates. BMC psychiatry, 16, 408-415. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1083-3
Martinčeková, Lucia & Enright, Robert D. (2018). The effects of self-forgiveness and shame-proneness on procrastination: exploring the mediating role of affect. Cur-rent Psychology, 39(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9926-3
Metin, U. Baran; Peeters, Maria C. & Taris, Toon W. (2018). Correlates of procras-tination and performance at work: The role of having “good fit”. Journal of pre-vention & intervention in the community, 46, 228-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2018.1470187
Pasquali, Luiz; Gouveia, Valdiney Velôso; Andriola, Wagner Bandeira; Miranda, Fábio Jesus & Ramos, André Luiz Moraes (1994). Questionário de saúde geral de Goldberg (QSG): adaptaçäo brasileira. Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa, 10(3), 421-437. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-156224
Proudfoot, Judith; Ryden, Clash; Everitt, Brian; Shapiro, David A.; Goldberg, David; Mann, Anthony & Gray, J. Andre (2004). Clinical efficacy of computerised cogni-tive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.1.46
Przepiorka, Aneta; Błachnio, Agata & Díaz-Morales, Juan F. (2016). Problematic Facebook use and procrastination. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 59-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.022
Reinecke, Leonard; Meier, Adrian; Beutel, Manfred E.; Schemer, Christian; Stark, Birgit; Wölfling, Klaus & Müller, Kai W. (2018). The relationship between trait procrastination, Internet use, and psychological functioning: Results from a com-munity sample of German adolescents. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 913-925. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00913
Rokeach, Milton (1973). The nature of human values. Free Press.
Rozental, Alexandre; Bennett, Sophie; Forsström, David; Ebert, David D.; Shafran, Roz; Andersson, Gerhard & Carlbring, Per (2018). Targeting Procrastination Using Psychological Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01588
Rozgonjuk, Dmitri; Kattago, Mari & Täht, Karin (2018). Social media use in lec-tures mediates the relationship between procrastination and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.003
Schwartz, Shalon. H. (1992). Universal in the content and structure of values: Theo-retical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Em Mark P. Zanna (Ed.), Ad-vanced in experimental social psychology (pp. 1-65). Academic Press.
Sirois, Fuschia; & Pychyl, Timothy (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short‐term mood regulation: Consequences for future self. Social and personality psy-chology compass, 7(2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12011
Soares, Ana K. S. (2015). Valores humanos no nível individual e cultural: Um estudo pautado na teoria funcionalista (Tese de doutorado inédita). Universidade Federal da Paraíba.
Soares, Ana K. S.; Lopes, Guilherme S.; Rezende, Alessandro T.; Ribeiro, Maria G. C.; Santos, Walberto S. & Gouveia, Valdiney V. (2016). Desirability Scale (CSDS): Evidence of factorial validity and reliability. Avances en Psicología Latinoamerica-na, 34(2), 383-394. https://doi.org/10.12804/apl34.2.2016.11
Sohn, Sei; Rees, Philippa; Wildridge, Bethany; Kalk, Nicola J. & Carter, Ben (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health out-comes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
Stieger, Stefan; & Lewetz, David (2018). A week without using social media: Re-sults from an ecological momentary intervention study using smartphones. Cy-berpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(10), 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0070
Tice, Dianne M. & Bratslavsky, Ellen (2000). Giving in to feel good: The place of emotion regulation in the context of general self-control. Psychological inquiry, 11(3), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1103_03
Tuckman, Bruce W. (1991). The Development and Concurrent Validity of the Pro-crastination Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51, 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164491512022
Yang, Zeyang; Asbury, Kathryn & Griffiths, Mark D. (2019). An exploration of prob-lematic smartphone use among Chinese university students: Associations with aca-demic anxiety, academic procrastination, self-regulation and subjective wellbeing. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(3), 596-614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9961-1
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Karla Silva Soares, Rosângela Cristina Ferreira Barros, Alessandro Teixeira Rezende, Maria Gabriela Costa Ribeiro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.