Exploración de experiencias femeninas, factores influyentes y estrategias de manejo de síntomas menopáusicos: Un estudio cualitativo
Resumen
La menopausia está profundamente influida por factores culturales, socioeconómicos, relacionales y personales, lo que da lugar a experiencias diversas. A menudo, el estigma y los tabúes que la rodean fomentan una cultura de silencio y una marcada falta de apoyo. En este contexto, resulta esencial promover una comprensión más informada de esta etapa, cuestionar los estigmas prevalentes y preparar a las mujeres para los cambios que conlleva. Este estudio explora las experiencias de las mujeres durante la transición menopáusica y la posmenopausia, identifica los factores que las condicionan y examina las estrategias empleadas para mejorar su bienestar. El análisis de veinte entrevistas revela la compleja interacción de factores que configuran estas vivencias, así como estrategias individuales y colectivas para afrontar esta etapa vital. Asimismo, se subraya la necesidad de promover una visión más realista de la menopausia, cuestionar concepciones predominantes sobre el envejecimiento femenino y abogar por un enfoque equitativo en las distintas esferas de la vida.
Palabras clave
Menopausia, Salud de las mujeres, Experiencias de vida, Investigación cualitativaCitas
Bromberger, Joyce T.; Schott, Lisa; Kravitz, Howard M., & Joffe, Hadine. (2015). Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: Are they the same or different? Psychological Medicine, 45(8), 1653–1664. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002773
Burger, Henry G.; Dudley, Elizabeth C.; Robertson, David M., & Dennerstein, Lorraine. (2002). Hormonal changes in the menopause transition. Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 57, 257-275. https://doi.org/10.1210/rp.57.1.257
Capistrano, Emille Joana Medeiros; Dombek, Kathiussa, da Costa; Ana Carolina Carioca, & Marinheiro, Lizanka Paola Figueiredo. (2015). Factors associated with the severity of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal Brazilian women. Reprodução & Climatério, 30(2), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recli.2015.09.002
Currie, Heather, & Moger, Sara J. (2019). Menopause – Understanding the impact on women and their partners. Post Reproductive Health, 25(4), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053369119895413
Faubion, Stephanie S.; Enders, Felicity; Hedges, Mary S.; Chaudhry, Rajeev; Kling, Juliana M.; Shufelt, Chrisandra L.; Saadedine, Mariam; Mara, Kristin; Griffin, Joan M., & Kapoor, Ekta. (2023). Impact of menopause symptoms on women in the workplace. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 98(6), 833–845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.02.025
Freeman, Ellen W.; Sammel, Mary D.; Lin, Hui, & Nelson, Deborah B. (2006). Associations of hormones and menopausal status with depressed mood in women with no history of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.375
Gold, Ellen B. (2011). The timing of the age at which natural menopause occurs. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 38(3), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.002
Guba, Egon G., & Lincoln, Yvonna S. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
Hall, Lisa; Callister, Lynn Clark; Berry, Judith A., & Matsumura, Geraldine. (2007). Meanings of menopause: Cultural influences on perception and management of menopause. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 25(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010107299432
Leyva-Moral, Juan Manuel. (2013). El climaterio y las inmigrantes ecuatorianas: una experiencia natural en manos de otros. Index de Enfermería, 22(4), 204–208.
Li, Qiong; Gu, Jintu; Huang, Jianyuan; Zhao, Pei, & Luo, Chenliang. (2023). “They see me as mentally ill”: The stigmatization experiences of Chinese menopausal women in the family. BMC Women’s Health, 23, 185. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02350-y
Lumsden, Mary Ann. (2016). The NICE Guideline – Menopause: Diagnosis and management. Climacteric, 19(5), 426–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2016.1222483
Malterud, Kirsti; Siersma, Volkert D., & Guassora, Ann D. (2021). Information power: Sample content and size in qualitative studies. In P. M. Camic (Ed.), Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodology and design (2nd ed., pp. 67–81). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000252-004
Mendoza-Huertas, Liliana; Mendoza, Natalia, & Godoy-Izquierdo, Débora. (2024). Impact of violence against women on quality of life and menopause-related disorders. Maturitas, 180, 107899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107899
Mishra, Gita D.; Davies, Melanie C.; Hillman, Sarah; Chung, Hsin-Fang; Roy, Subho; Maclaran, Kate, & Hickey, Martha. (2024). Optimising health after early menopause. The Lancet, 403(10430), 958–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02800-3
Namazi, Masoumeh; Sadeghi, Rasoul, & Behboodi Moghadam, Zahra. (2019). Social determinants of health in menopause: An integrative review. International Journal of Women’s Health, 11, 637–647. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S228594
Navarro, Manuel Carmen; Sosa, Manuel; Saavedra, Pedro; Palacios Gil-Antullano, Santiago; Castro, Rosa; Bonet, Mario; Travesí, Isabel, & de Miguel, Emilio. (2010). Anthropometric and gynaecological history according to the socioeconomic status of postmenopausal women: Poverty and the menopause. Menopause International, 16(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1258/mi.2010.010006
Nosek, Marcianna; Kennedy, Holly P.; Beyene, Yewoubdar; Taylor, Diane; Gilliss, Catherine, & Lee, Ka. (2010). The effects of perceived stress and attitudes toward menopause and aging on symptoms of menopause. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 55(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.09.005
O’Neill, Mary T.; Jones, Victoria, & Reid, Alison. (2023). Impact of menopausal symptoms on work and careers: A cross-sectional study. Occupational Medicine, 73(6), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqad078
Patton, Michael Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Sage Publications.
Refaei, Mansoureh; Mardanpour, Soraya; Masoumi, Zahra, & Parsa, Parisa. (2022). Women’s experiences in the transition to menopause: A qualitative research. BMC Women’s Health, 22, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01633-0
Robinson, Gail E. (1996). Cross-cultural perspectives on menopause. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(8), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199608000-00001
Safwan, Nancy; Saadedine, Mariam; Shufelt, Chrisandra L.; Kapoor, Ekta; Kling, Juliana M.; Chaudhry, Rajeev, & Faubion, Stephanie S. (2024). Menopause in the workplace: Challenges, impact, and next steps. Maturitas, 185, Article 107983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107983
Salazar-Pousada, Danny; Ortega-Uscocovich, Valeria; Ramírez-Morán, Cecibel, & Chedraui, Peter. (2024). Menopausal symptoms and the awareness of menopausal-related information in low-income mid-aged women from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Gynecological Endocrinology, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/095135
Sanz, Antoni. (2025). Capítulo IV. La ética en el ámbito de la investigación In Clara Selva & Rocío Pina (Eds.), La ética en la práctica psicológica. Dilemas y retos (pp. 71–86). UOC.
Selva, Clara. (2022). El tabú de la menopausa, una discriminació invisibilitzada [The taboo of menopause: an invisibilized discrimination]. Fundació Irla. https://irla.cat/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/estudi-becayarza-tabu-menopausa.pdf
Selva, Clara. (2024). Proposals for integrated public management of the menopausal transition and postmenopause through Spanish women’s experiences: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 6, 1483267. https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2024.1483267
Sherman, Sherry. (2005). Defining the menopausal transition. The American Journal of Medicine, 118(12B), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.11.002
Sydora, Beate C.; Graham, Bonny; Oster, Richard T., & Ross, Sue. (2021). Menopause experience in First Nations women and initiatives for menopause symptom awareness: A community-based participatory research approach. BMC Women’s Health, 21, 179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01303-7
Thomas, Samantha L.; Randle, Melanie, & White, Sarah L. (2024). (Re)framing menopause: A comprehensive public health approach. Health Promotion International, 39(3), daae052. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daae052
Trémollieres, Florence A.; André, Gabriel; Letombe, Brigitte; Barthélemy, Luc; Pichard, Amélie; Gelas, Bertrand, & Lopès, Patrice. (2022). Persistent gap in menopause care 20 years after the WHI: A population-based study of menopause-related symptoms and their management. Maturitas, 166, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.08.003
Wang, Li; Zhang, Rui; Yang, Yujie; Sun, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Bing; Zhu, Hong; Luo, Xia; Ma, Xia, & Zhang, Xia. (2021). Severity and factors of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women in Gansu Province of China: A cross-sectional study. BMC Women’s Health, 21(1), 405. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01465-4
World Health Organization (WHO) (1981). Research on the menopause [WHO Technical Report Series No.670]. World Health Organization.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Descargas
Datos de los fondos
-
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
Números de la subvención (UOC- RA430)
Derechos de autor 2025 Clara Selva Olid
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
