Situación psicoemocional de los profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria vs cuidados intensivos y su evolución
Resumen
Objetivo: analizar las diferencias encontradas en las alteraciones psicoemocionales sufridas por los PS de UCI y AP a lo largo de la pandemia, además de estudiar la evolución de esta sintomatología, averiguar qué colectivo se ha planteado abandonar la profesión, su preparación psicológica para futuros rebrotes o pandemias. Emplazamiento y Participantes: Estudio longitudinal con tres periodos de recolección de datos entre 2020 y 2022, realizado sobre PS del sistema sanitario español. Intervenciones: Se analizaron los datos referentes a ansiedad, insomnio y burnout, y su evolución. Resultados: Los PS pertenecientes al área de AP y UCI se han visto altamente afectados por el paso de esta pandémica, mostrando cifras elevadas para ansiedad, insomnio y burnout. Los PS muestran un desgaste emocional elevado. Conclusiones: Se establece que los PS pertenecientes a AP se han visto afectados, mostrando cifras incluso más elevadas para cansancio emocional que los profesionales de UCI.
Palabras clave
Burnout, Pandemia, Ansiedad, Profesionales sanitariosCitas
Aranda-Reneo, Isaac; Pedraz-Marcos, Azucena & Pulido-Fuentes, Montserrat. (2021). Management of burnout among the staff of primary care centres in Spain during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Human Resources for Health, 19(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00679-9
Bastien, Célyne; Vallières, Annie & Morin, Charles. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4
Besirli, Asli; Erden, Selime; Atilgan, Mehemet; Varlihan, Ali; Habaci, Mustafa; Yeniceri, Tugba; Isler, Ayla; Gumus, Muratcan; Kizileroglu, Serap; Ozturk, Gizem; Ozer, Omer & Ozdemir, Haci. (2021). The relationship between anxiety and depression levels with perceived stress and coping strategies in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sisli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.14744/SEMB.2020.57259
Buselli, Rodolfo; Corsi, Martina; Baldanzi, Sigrid; Chiumiento, Martina; Del Lupo, Elena; Dell’Oste, Valerio; Bertelloni, Carlo Antonio; Massimetti, Gabriele; Dell’Osso, Liliana; Cristaudo, Alfonso & Carmassi, Claudia. (2020). Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH17176180
Çelmeçe, Nuriye & Mustafa, Menekay. (2020). The effect of stress, anxiety and burnout levels of healthcare professionals caring for COVID-19 patients on their quality of life. Frontiers in Psychology, 0, 3329. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.597624
Crowe, Sarah; Fuchsia, Howard; Vanderspank-Wright, Brandi; Gillis, Paula; McLeod, Fiona; Penner, Caroline & Haljan, Gregory. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Canadian critical care nurses providing patient care during the early phase pandemic: A mixed-method study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 63, 102999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102999
Díaz-Campo, Yolanda; Díaz-Campo, Cristina; Puerma-Castillo, Carmen; Viedma-Lloreda, Mª Nieves; Aulet-Ruiz, Alberto; Lázaro-Merino, Eloisa & Fernández Rodríguez, Olga María. (2008). La calidad del sueño en los profesionales sanitarios de dos áreas de salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Rev Clin Med Fam, 2(4),156-161. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1699-695X2008000200004
Dosil, María; Naiara-Ozamiz, Etxebarria; Redondo, Iratxe; Picaza, Maitane & Jaureguizar, Joana. (2020). Psychological symptoms in health professionals in Spain after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 606121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606121
Elghazally, Shimaa; Alkarn, Atef; Elkhayat, Hussein; Ibrahim, Ahmed K. & Elkhayat, Mariam Roshdy. (2021). Burnout impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-care professionals at Assiut University Hospitals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5368. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18105368
Fabbri, Marco; Beracci, Alessia; Martoni, Monica; Meneo, Debora; Tonetti, Lorenzo & Natale, Vincenzo. (2021). Measuring subjective sleep quality: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1–57. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18031082
García-Campayo, Javier; Puebla-Guedea, Marta; Herrera-Mercadal, Paola & Daudén, Esteban. (2016). Burnout syndrome and demotivation among health care personnel. Managing stressful situations: The importance of teamwork. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, 107(5), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AD.2015.09.016
García-Hedrera, Fernando José; Gil-Almagro, Fernanda; Carmona-Monge, Francisco Javier; Peñacoba-Puente, Cecilia; Catalá-Mesón, Patricia & Velasco-Furlong, Lilian. (2021). Intensive care unit professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Social and work-related variables, COVID-19 symptoms, worries and generalized anxiety levels. Acute and Critical Care, 36(3), 232–241. https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.00213
García-Iglesias, Juan Jesús; Gómez-Salgado, Juan; Martín-Pereira, Jorge; Fagundo-Rivera, Javier; Ayuso-Murillo, Diego; Martínez-Riera, José Ramón & Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos. (2020). Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on the mental health of healthcare professionals: A systematic review. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 94, 1–20.
Gil-Monte, Pedro. (2005). Factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) among Spanish professionals. Revista de Saúde Pública, 39(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102005000100001
Kang, Lijun; Simeng, Ma; Min, Chen; Jun, Yang; Ying, Wang; Ruiting, Li; Lihua, Yao; Hanping, Bai; Zhongxiang, Cai; Bing, Xiang Yang; Shaohua, Hu; Kerang, Zhang; Gaohua, Wang; Ci, Ma & Zhongchun, Liu. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Simeng; Wang, Ying; Cai, Zhongxiang; Hu, Jianbo; Wei, Ning; Wu, Jiang; Du, Hui; Chen, Tingting; Li, Ruiting; Tan, Huawei; Kang, Lijun; Yao, Lihua; Huang, Manli; Wang, Huafen; Wang, Gaohua; Liu, Zhongchun & Hu, Shaohua. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2020.3976
Li, Hong; Bin, Cheng & Xiao, Ping Zhu. (2018). Quantification of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Emergency Nursing, 39, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2017.12.005
Löwe, Bernd; Decker, Oliver; Müller, Stefanie; Brähler, Elmar; Schellberg, Dieter; Herzog, Wolfgang & Herzberg, Philipp Yorck. (2008). Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care, 46(3), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0B013E318160D093
Muller, Ashley Elizabeth; Vivianne Hafstad, Elisabet; Himmels, William; Jan Peter; Smedslund, Geir; Flottorp, Signe; Øien-Stensland, Synne; Stroobants, Stijn; Van de Velde, Stijn & Gunn Elisabeth Vist. (2020). The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
Navarro-González, David; Ayechu-Díaz, Amalia & Huarte-Labiano, Irantzu. (2015). Prevalencia del síndrome del burnout y factores asociados a dicho síndrome en los profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria. Semergen - Medicina de Familia, 41(4), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEMERG.2014.03.008
Obregon, Michael; Luo, Jessica; Shelton, Jarod; Blevins, Terri & MacDowell, Martin. (2020). Assessment of burnout in medical students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey: A cross-sectional data analysis. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 376. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02274-3
Önen-Sertöz, Özen; Özlem-Kuman, Tunçel; Sertöz, Nezih; Hepdurgun, Cenan; Haznedaroğlu, Damla İşman & Bor, Canan. (2021). Burnout in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care university hospital: Evaluation of the need for psychological support. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 32(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.5080/u25964
Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen; Molero-Jurado, María del Mar; Simón-Márquez, María del Mar; Oropesa-Ruiz, Nieves Fátima & Gázquez-Linares, José Jesús. (2020). Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 32(3), 444–451. https://doi.org/10.7334/PSICOTHEMA2019.373
Petzold-Moritz, Bruno; Plag, Jens & Ströhle, Andreas. (2020). Dealing with psychological distress by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemia. Der Nervenarzt, 91(5), 417–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-00905-0
Seda-Gombau, Gemma; Montero-Alía, Juan José; Moreno-Gabriel, Eduardo & Pere-Torán, Monserrat. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on burnout in primary care physicians in Catalonia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179031
Sillero-Sillero, Amalia & Zabalegui, Adelaid. (2020). Analysis of the work environment and intention of perioperative nurses to quit work. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 17(28), e3256. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3239.3256
Troglio-Da Silva, Flaviane Cristine & Parente-Barbosa, Caio. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit (ICU): Psychiatric symptoms in healthcare professionals. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 110, 110299. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PNPBP.2021.110299
Wang, Wei & Songli, Mei. (2022). Effect of psychological intervention on perceived stress and positive psychological traits among nursing students: Findings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(10), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20220325-03
Publicado
Cómo citar
Descargas
Derechos de autor 2025 Fernanda Gil Almagro, Fernando José García Hedrera, Francisco Javier Carmona Monge, Cecilia Peñacoba Puente

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.