Resistance and reproductions of academic women: Survival strategies in the patriarchal/neoliberal academy
Abstract
In the framework of a broader study, in this article we carry out a qualitative study through active interviews with academic women who inhabit contemporary academia. We recognize academy is transforming in a space where hyper-productivity, individualism, and constant evaluation among other indicators have taken the reins towards a neoliberal academy. Later on, we recognize the academy as a patriarchal space. We aim to detect, make visible and critically describe the strategies used by academic women to inhabit that space. At the same time, we analyze the strategies’ points of resistance to neoliberal and patriarchal systems, but also how these strategies can reproduce the very systems they want to rebel against. We create five codes that describe and critically analyze each of these strategies, namely: Masculinization, Perfectionism, Juggling, Boundaries, and Sorority. Finally, we reflect on these strategies and question the patriarchal and neoliberal logics within contemporary academia
Keywords
Higher Education, Neoliberalism, Patriarchy, GenderReferences
Acker, Joan (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4(2),139-58 https://doi.org/10.1177/089124390004002002
Amery, Fran; Bates, Stephen; Jenkins, Laura & Savigny, Heather (2015). Metaphors on women in academia: A review of the literature, 2004-2013. Advances in Gen-der Research, 20, 247-267. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-212620150000020022
Appleby, John C. (2013). Women and English Piracy, 1540-1720. Boydell Press.
Berg, Maggie & Seeber, Barbara (2016). Slow professor: Challenging the culture of speed in the academy. University of Toronto Press.
Bernasconi, Andres (2009). Gestión del cuerpo académico en las universidades chi-lenas: la institucionalización de la profesión académica en un contexto de merca-do. Universidad Andrés Bello.
Biron, Caroline & Karanika-Murray, María (2014). Process evaluation for organiza-tional stress and well-being interventions: Implications for theory, method, and practice. International Journal of Stress Management, 21(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033227
Blickenstaff, Jacob (2005). Women and science careers: Leaky pipeline or gender filter? Gender and Education, 17(4), 369-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250500145072
Bravo Vargas, Viviana (2012). Neoliberalismo, protesta popular y transición en Chi-le, 1973-1989. Política y cultura, 37, 85-112. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-77422012000100005
Britton, Dana (2017). Beyond the Chilly Climate: The Salience of Gender in Wom-en’s Academic Careers. Gender and Society, 31(1), 5-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243216681494
Brunner, José (2008). Educación superior en Chile: instituciones, mercados y políti-cas gubernamentales. Leiden.
Cannella, Gaile. S. & Salazar Perez, Michelle (2012). Emboldened Patriarchy in Higher Education: Feminist Readings of Capitalism, Violence, and Power. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 12(4), 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708612446421
Chandler, John; Barry, Jim & Clark, Heather (2002). Stressing academe: The wear and tear of the new public management. Human Relations, 55(9), 1051-1069. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726702055009019
CONICYT (2018). Compendio Estadístico CONICYT. https://www.conicyt.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/compendio-estadistico-CONICYT-2018.pdf
Cordingly, David (1996). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Random House. Print.
Denzin, Norman (2001). The reflexive interview and a performative social science. Qualitative Research, 1(1), 23-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100102
Denzin, Norman & Lincoln, Yvonna (2003). Strategies for qualitative inquiry. Sage.
Durán Heras, María de los Ángeles (1981). Liberación y utopía: La mujer ante la ciencia. Akal. https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/98367
Elson, Diane (2000). Progress of the world’s women. UNIFEM Biennial Report, Unit-ed Nations Development Fund for Women.
Enciso, Giazú & Lara, Alí (2014). Emociones y ciencias sociales en el s. XX: La pre-cuela del giro afectivo. Athenea Digital Journal, 14(1), 263–288. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenead/v14n1.1094
Fardella Cisternas, Carla (2013). Resistencias cotidianas en torno a la institucionali-zación del modelo neoliberal en las políticas educacionales: El caso de la docencia en Chile. Psicoperspectivas, 12(2), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol12-Issue2-fulltext-294
Fardella Cisternas, Carla (2020). Abrir la jaula de oro. La universidad managerial y sus sujetos. Izquierdas, 49, 2299-2320.
Fardella Cisternas, Carla & Corvalán Navia, Alejandra (2020). El tiempo en el con-flicto trabajo-vida: El caso de las académicas en la universidad managerial. Psico-perspectivas, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol19-issue3-fulltext-2051
Fardella Cisternas, Carla; Corvalán Navia, Alejandra & Zavala Villegas, Ricardo (2019). El académico cuantificado. La gestión performativa a través de los ins-trumentos de medición en la ciencia. Psicología, Conocimiento y Sociedad, 9(2), 62-78. https://doi.org/10.26864/pcs.v9.n2.15
Fardella Cisternas, Carla; Sisto Campos, Vicente & Jiménez Vargas, Felipe (2015). Nosotros los académicos. Narrativas identitarias y autodefinición en la universidad actual. Universitas Psychologica, 14(SPE5), 1625-1636. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-5.nani
Fardella Cisternas, Carla; Sisto Campos, Vicente y Jiménez Vargas, Felipe (2017). La transformación de la universidad y los dispositivos de cuantificación. Estudos de Psicologia, 34(3), 435-448. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752017000300011
Gill, Rosalind (2009). Breaking the silence: The hidden injuries of neo-liberal aca-demia. En Róisín Flood & Rosalind Gill (Eds.), Secrecy and Silence in the Research Process: Feminist Reflections (pp. 1-21). Routledge. https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/fs.2016.34.issue-1/fs-2016-0105/fs-2016-0105.pdf
Glaser, Barney & Straus, Anselm (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: strate-gies for qualitative research. Aldine.
Gómez, Lucía; Jodar, Francisco & Bravo, María (2015). Gubernamentalidad neolibe-ral y producción de conocimiento en la universidad: genealogía de una configura-ción subjetiva. Universitas Psychologica, 14(5), 1735-1750. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-5.gnpc
González Suárez, Mirta (2002). Feminismo, academia y cambio social. Revista Edu-cación, 26(2),169-183. https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v26i2.2913
Heijstra, Thamar; Steinthorsdóttir, Finnborg & Einarsdóttir, Thorgerdur (2016). Ac-ademic career making and the double-edged role of academic housework. Gender and Education,29(6), 764-780 https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1171825
Heward, Christine (1994). Academic Snakes and Merit Ladders: Reconceptualising the ‘glass ceiling’. Gender and Education, 6(3), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954025940060302
Holstein, James & Gubrium, Jaber (1995). The active interview. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412986120
Lagarde, Marcela (2009, 11 de junio). La política feminista de la sororidad. Mujeres en Red, el periódico feminista. https://www.mujeresenred.net/spip.php?article1771
Lorber, Judith. (2008). Paradoxes of gender. Yale University Press.
MacAlpine, Anna (2016). Weather the Storm: Female Pirates, Sexual Diversity and the Reconstruction of Women’s History. Tesis de maestría sin publicar. University of Calgary. https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/28680
Macfarlane, Bruce & Burg, Damon (2019). Women professors and the academic housework trap. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(3), 262-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2019.1589682
Manfredi, Simonetta; Grisoni, Louise; Handley, Karen; Nestor, Rebecca. & Cooke, Felicity. (2014). Gender and higher education leadership: Researching the careers of top management programme alumni. Leadership Foundation for Higher Educa-tion.
Menzies, Heather & Newson, Janice (2007). No Time to Think: Academics’ life in the globally wired university. Time & Society, 16(83), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X07074103
Merton, Robert (1973). The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investi-gations. University of Chicago Press.
Morales Casetti, Marjorie (2014). Nueva gestión pública en Chile. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 34(2), 417-438. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2014000200004
Oliva, María Angélica (2008). Política educativa y profundización de la desigualdad en Chile. Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia), 34(2), 207-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052008000200013
Ordorika, Imanol & Navarro Minas (2006). Investigación académica y políticas públi-cas en la educación superior: El caso mexicano de pago por méritos. Revista del CEDES, 1, 52-71.
Oyarzún Maldonado, Cristian & Cornejo Chávez, Rordrigo (2020). Teaching work and new public management in chile: a review of the evidence. Educação & Sociedade, 41. https://doi.org/10.1590/ES.219509
Pujal, Margot (1994). La marca del género en la encrucijada entre subjetividad e in-tersubjetividad. Iztapalapa. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 15(35), 131-142.
Pusser, Brian (2008). The state, the market and the institutional estate: Revisiting contemporary authority relations in higher education. In Michael, Paulsen (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research (pp. 105-139). Springer Net-herlands.
Ramos Claudio (2012a). Estructuras de comunicación en el campo de la ciencia so-cial en Chile: un Análisis de Redes. Redes: revista hispana para el análisis de re-des sociales, 23, 7-42. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.438
Ramos, Claudio (2012b). El ensamblaje de ciencia social y sociedad: Conocimiento científico, gobiernos de las conductas y producción de lo social. Ediciones Univer-sidad Alberto Hurtado.
Salinas Ibacache, Carolina. (2019). El ingreso de la mujer a la Educación Superior en Chile desde sus orígenes a partir de la Promulgación del Decreto de Amunáte-gui en 1877 y su vinculación al Espacio Público en la primera década del S. XX. Tesis de doctorado sin publicar. http://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/10800
Santos, José (2015). Saberes acadêmicos: da produção textual à criação de conhe-cimento. Literatura: Teoría, Historia, Crítica, 17(2), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.15446/lthc.v17n2.51276
Schiebinger, Londa (2008), Getting More Women into Science and Engineering Knowledge Issues. En Londa Schiebinger (Ed.), Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering (pp. 365-378). Stanford University Press.
Seikkula, Jaakko & Olson, Mary (2003). The open dialogue approach to acute psychosis: Its poetics and micropolitics. Family Process, 42(3), 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00403.x
Sharma, Kumud (2003). Institutionalising Feminist Agenda(s). Economic and Politi-cal Weekly, 38(43), 4564-4566. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4414190
SIES (2018). Informe matrícula 2019 en Educación Superior en Chile. http://bibliotecadigital.mineduc.cl//handle/20.500.12365/4608
SIES (2021). Personal Académico en Educación Superior 2020. https://www.mifuturo.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Personal-Academico-en-educacion-superior_2020_SIES.pdf
Slaughter, Sheila & Leslie, Larry (1997). Academic capitalism: Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Stanley, Jo (1995). Bold in Her Breeches: Women Pirates Across the Ages. Pandora, Print.
Tsouroufli, María (2018). Gendered and classed performances of ‘good’ mother and academic in Greece. European Journal of Women’s Studies,27(1), 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506818802454
Tünnermann, Carlos & De Souza, Mariela (2003). Desafíos de la universidad en la so-ciedad del conocimiento. Cinco años después de la conferencia mundial sobre Edu-cación Superior. Revista Paper Series, 4(5), 1-28.
UNESCO (2000). La ciencia para el siglo XXI. Un nuevo compromiso. Conferencia Mundial sobre la Ciencia. Autor.
UNESCO (2017). Women in science. Fact Sheet No. 43. UNESCO Institute for Statis-tics. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs43-women-in-science-2017-en.pdf
UNESCO (2019). Women un Science - 2019. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs55-women-in-science-2019-en.pdf
Viravan, Chonchanok (2007, 14 de mayo). Discurso principal Bussines and Profes-sional Women International Conference [conferencia]. Seoul, Korea.
Wheelwright, Julie (1989). Women Who Dressed as Men in Pursuit of Life, Liberty and Happiness. Pandora Press.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2021 Giazú Enciso Domínguez, Maite Begoña Gonzalez Yañez, Francesca I. Chiappini Koscina

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.