LGBT Climate Inventory in Corporations for Straight People?

Leon Freude; Jordi Bonet-Marti

doi:10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.2107

¿Un inventario del clima LGBT en las empresas para personas heterosexuales?

Autores/as

Leon Freude Universitat Pompeu Fabra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-9817
Jordi Bonet-Marti Universitat de Barcelona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-3202

Resumen

Las sociedades abiertas se caracterizan por su deseo de acoger la diversidad sexual y de género en los lugares de trabajo. En este sentido, el Inventario de Clima para Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y Trans (LGBTCI) es un instrumento que mide el clima organizacional hacia la diversidad sexual y de género, basándose en la opinión de las personas LGTB. En este artículo, argumentamos que los empleados no LGTB también pueden percibir el clima hacia la diversidad sexual y de género y, por lo tanto, los hemos incluido para medir el clima favorable a las personas LGTB en el trabajo. Mediante un Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples (ACM) hemos validado esta aplicación del LGBTCI obteniendo dos factores: la comprensión de los ítems vinculados a la diversidad sexual y de género, y el posicionamiento respecto al clima. Este artículo supone una contribución a las investigaciones previas que consideraban que los empleados no LGBT no deberían ser incorporados a la medición del clima organizacional en las empresas.

Palabras clave

LGBT, Diversidad sexual y de género, LGBT Inventario de clima, Trabajo, Inclusión

Citas

Alcover, Carlos María. (2018). Who are ‘I’? Who are ‘we’? A state-of-the-art review of multiple identities at work. Psychologist Papers, 39, 200–207. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2018.2858

Benzécri, Jean Paul. (1979). Sur le calcul des taux d’inertie dans l’analyse d’un questionnaire. Les Cahiers de l’Analyse des Données, 4, 377–378.

Biglia, Barbara & Vergés Bosch, Núria. (2016). Cuestionando la perspectiva de género en la investigación. REIRE. Revista d’Innovació i Recerca en Educació, 9(2), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1344/reire2016.9.2922

Brewster, Melanie E.; Moradi, Bonnie; DeBlaere, Cirleen & Velez, Brandon L. (2013). Navigating the borderlands: the roles of minority stressors, bicultural self-efficacy, and cognitive flexibility in the mental health of bisexual individuals. Journal of counseling psychology, 60(4), 543. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033224

Butler, Judith. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.

Cech, Erin A. & Rothwell, William R. (2020). LGBT workplace inequality in the federal workforce: Intersectional processes, organizational contexts, and turnover considerations. ILR Review, 73(1), 25–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793919843508

Cokley, Kevin & Awad, Germine H. (2013). In defense of quantitative methods: Using the “master’s tools” to promote social justice. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 5(2), 26–41. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.5.2.26-41

Coll-Planas, Gerard & Missé, Miquel. (2014). “Me gustaría ser militar”: Reproducción de la masculinidad hegemónica en la patologización de la transexualidad. Prisma Social, 13, 407–432.

Corrington, Abby; Nittrouer, Christine L.; Trump-Steele, Rachel C. & Hebl, Mikki. (2019). Letting him B: A study on the intersection of gender and sexual orientation in the workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 113, 129–142.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.10.005

De Simone, Silvia & Priola, Vincenza. (2022). “Who’s that girl?” The entrepreneur as a super (wo)man. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l’Administration, 39(1), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1643

Díaz de Rada, Vidal. (2011). Encuestas con encuestador y autoadministradas por internet: ¿Proporcionan resultados comparables? Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS), 136(1), 49–90. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.136.49

Di Marco, Donatella; Hoel, Helge & Lewis, Duncan. (2021). Discrimination and exclusion on grounds of sexual and gender identity: Are LGBT people’s voices heard at the workplace? The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.16

Doan, Long & Mize, Trenton D. (2020). Sexual identity disclosure among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Sociological Science, 7, 504–527. https://doi.org/10.1017/10.15195/v7.a21

Domínguez i Amorós, Màrius & Simó Solsona, Montserrat. (2003). Tècniques d’investigació social quantitatives. Edicions Universitat de Barcelona.

Fletcher, Luke & Everly, Benjamin A. (2021). Perceived lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) supportive practices and the life satisfaction of LGBT employees: The roles of disclosure, authenticity at work, and identity centrality. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(3), 485-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12336

Galupo, M. Paz & Resnick, Courtney A. (2016). Experiences of LGBT microaggressions in the workplace: Implications for policy. En Thomas Köllen (Ed.), Sexual orientation and transgender issues in organizations (pp. 271–287). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29623-4_16

Gerber, Paula & Gory, Joel. (2014). The UN Human Rights Committee and LGBT rights: What is it doing? What could it be doing? Human Rights Law Review, 14(3), 403–439. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngu019

Greencare, Michael. (2008). La práctica del análisis de correspondencias. Fundación BBVA.

Hamilton, Kelly M.; Park, Lauren S.; Carsey, Timothy A. & Martinez, Larry R. (2019). “Lez be honest”: Gender expression impacts workplace disclosure decisions. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 23(2), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2019.1520540

Haraway, Donna. (1988). Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575–599.

Harding, Sandra. (1987). Introduction: Is there a feminist method? En Sandra Harding (Ed.), Feminism and methodology (pp. 1–14). Indiana University Press.

Helfer, Laurence R. & Voeten, Erik. (2014). International courts as agents of legal change: Evidence from LGBT rights in Europe. International Organization, 68(1), 77–110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000398

Hossain, Mohammed; Atif, Muhammad; Ahmed, Ammad & Mia, Lokman. (2020). Do LGBT workplace diversity policies create value for firms? Journal of Business Ethics, 167(4), 775–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04158-z

Huffman, Ann H.; Watrous‐Rodriguez, Kristen M. & King, Eeden B. (2008). Supporting a diverse workforce: What type of support is most meaningful for lesbian and gay employees? Human Resource Management, 47(2), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20210

Köllen, Thomas. (2013). Bisexuality and diversity management: Addressing the B in LGBT as a relevant ‘sexual orientation’ in the workplace. Journal of Bisexuality, 13(1), 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2013.755728

Lewis-Beck, Michael S.; Bryman, Alan & Liao, Tim F. (2004). Multimethod research. In The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods (Vol. 1, pp. 678–681). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n592

Liddle, Becky J.; Luzzo, Darrell A.; Hauenstein, Anita L. & Schuck, Kelly. (2004). Construction and validation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered climate inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 12(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072703257722

Lloren, Anouk & Parini, Llorena. (2017). How LGBT-supportive workplace policies shape the experience of lesbian, gay men, and bisexual employees. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14(3), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-016-0253-x

López-Roldán, Pedro. (1996). La construcción de tipologías: Metodología de análisis. Papers: Revista de Sociologia, 9–29. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.1812

López-Roldán, Pedro & Fachelli, Sandra. (2015). Metodologías de investigación social cuantitativa (MISC). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

MacArthur, Gemma. (2015). Securing sexual orientation and gender identity rights within the United Nations framework and system: Past, present and future. The Equal Rights Review, 15, 25–54.

Maliszewska-Nienartowicz, Justyna. (2013). Sexual orientation discrimination in the case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU: A revolution or steady progress? Contemporary Legal and Economic Issues, 4(9), 9-28

Mos, Martijn. (2013). Conflicted normative power Europe: The European Union and sexual minority rights. Journal of contemporary European research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v9i1.410

Moya, Miguel Carlos & Moya-Garófano, Alba. (2020). Discrimination, work stress, and psychological well-being in LGBTI workers in Spain. Psychosocial Intervention, 29(2), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2020a5

Mulé, Nick J.; McKenzie, Cameron & Khan, Maryam. (2016). Recognition and legitimisation of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) at the UN: A critical systemic analysis. British Journal of Social Work, 46(8), 2245–2262. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw139

O’Flaherty, Michael & Fisher, John. (2008). Sexual orientation, gender identity and international human rights law: contextualising the Yogyakarta Principles. Human Rights Law Review, 8(2), 207-248.

Parizek, Katharina & Evangelinos, Konstantinos I. (2021). Corporate social responsibility strategies and accountability in the UK and Germany: Disclosure of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender issues in sustainability reports. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(3), 1055–1065. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2105

Rengers, Julian M.; Heyse, Liesbet; Wittek, Rafael P. & Otten, Sabine. (2021). Interpersonal antecedents to selective disclosure of lesbian and gay identities at work. Social Inclusion, 9(4), 388–398. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4591

Riley, Donna M. (2008). LGBT-friendly workplaces in engineering. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 8(1), 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-6748(2008)8:1(19)

Rivero-Díaz, Maria L.; Agulló-Tomás, Esteban & Llosa, Jose Antonio. (2020). Adaptation and validation of the LGBTCI to the Spanish LGBT working population. Journal of Career Assessment, 1069072720982339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720982339

Schrager, Sheree M.; Steiner, Riley J.; Bouris, Alida M.; Macapagal, Kathryn & Brown, C. Hendricks. (2019). Methodological considerations for advancing research on the health and wellbeing of sexual and gender minority youth. LGBT Health, 6(4), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2018.0141

Takács, Judith; Szalma, Ivett & Bartus, Tamás. (2016). Social attitudes toward adoption by same-sex couples in Europe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(7), 1787–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0691-9

Webster, Jennica R.; Adams, Gary A.; Maranto, Cheryl L.; Sawyer, Katina & Thoroughgood, Christian. (2018). Workplace contextual supports for LGBT employees: A review, meta‐analysis, and agenda for future research. Human Resource Management, 57(1), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21873

Biografía del autor/a

Leon Freude, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Postdoctoral researcher at Pompeu Fabra University. PhD in Sociology (Universitat de Barcelona) on Homonationalism. Master in Gender Studies (Interuniversitarian Institute of Women’s and Gender Studies) and Research Techniques for Applied Social Sciences (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). His main research interests are to deal with contemporary queer-feminist debates through quantitative methods.

Jordi Bonet-Marti, Universitat de Barcelona

Profesor Lector del Departamento de Sociología de la Universidad de Barcelona, España.